This is clone G28.5, a mouse IgG1 kappa monoclonal antibody directed against human CD40. G28.5 is a long-established, widely characterized anti-human CD40 clone that recognizes an epitope on the CD40 extracellular domain and has been used extensively to interrogate CD40 signaling on B cells, dendritic cells, and other antigen-presenting cells. Its human specificity and functional activity make it well suited to in-vitro functional assays, receptor-crosslinking and costimulation studies, and flow cytometry-based characterization of CD40-expressing populations. Supplied as a bulk, research-use-only reagent produced at scale (mg to gram quantities), it is intended for laboratories needing consistent, high-quantity material across large assay panels or process development. Low-endotoxin formulation reduces the risk of endotoxin-driven artifacts in sensitive cellular assays where nonspecific immune activation must be excluded. As a mouse IgG1 kappa, it offers relatively low intrinsic effector function, which can be advantageous when the goal is to study receptor engagement rather than Fc-mediated killing. RUO; not for diagnostic or therapeutic use.
CD40 (P25942) is a type I transmembrane glycoprotein of the tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily (TNFRSF5), constitutively expressed on B cells, dendritic cells, macrophages, and many non-hematopoietic cells. Its ligand, CD40L (CD154), is expressed predominantly on activated CD4+ T cells. CD40-CD40L engagement is a central costimulatory axis in adaptive immunity: on B cells it drives proliferation, germinal center formation, immunoglobulin class-switch recombination, and antibody affinity maturation; on dendritic cells and macrophages it promotes maturation, upregulation of costimulatory molecules, and proinflammatory cytokine production, thereby "licensing" APCs to prime effector T cells. Signaling proceeds through TRAF adaptor recruitment to the cytoplasmic tail, activating NF-kB, MAPK, and PI3K pathways. Loss-of-function mutations in CD40 or CD40L cause hyper-IgM syndrome. CD40 is also a therapeutic target of interest in oncology, where agonist antibodies aim to activate APCs and drive antitumor immunity.