This product is an unconjugated, non-therapeutic recombinant analog of adalimumab, supplied strictly for research use only. Adalimumab is a fully human IgG1 kappa monoclonal antibody directed against human tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF alpha), and this research-grade biosimilar reproduces that antigen-binding specificity in a format intended for laboratory work rather than clinical or veterinary administration. Because it binds and neutralizes soluble and transmembrane human TNF alpha, it is useful as a benchmarking reagent and functional tool: a positive control in TNF neutralization or binding assays, a comparator when characterizing novel anti-TNF candidates or biosimilar batches, a capture or detection reagent, and a scaffold for ADCC or antibody-drug-conjugate development workflows. It is produced to research specifications with low endotoxin (research grade typically <1 EU/mg; ultra-low <0.5 EU/mg) and is available in bulk milligram-to-gram quantities to support in-vitro assays and preclinical model work. It is not the clinical drug and must not be used for human or veterinary treatment.
TNF alpha (tumor necrosis factor alpha, gene TNF; UniProt P01375) is a pro-inflammatory cytokine central to innate immunity and inflammation. It is produced chiefly by activated macrophages and monocytes, as well as T cells, NK cells and other cell types, initially as a 26 kDa type II transmembrane protein that is cleaved by the metalloprotease TACE/ADAM17 to release a soluble 17 kDa form. Both forms assemble into homotrimers and signal through two receptors, TNFR1 (p55) and TNFR2 (p75), driving NF-kB and MAPK activation, cytokine amplification, endothelial adhesion-molecule expression, and either cell survival or apoptotic/necroptotic death depending on context. TNF alpha is a key mediator in rheumatoid arthritis, inflammatory bowel disease, psoriasis and other chronic inflammatory conditions, which is why neutralizing it is therapeutically and experimentally valuable.