This product is an unconjugated, non-therapeutic recombinant analog of fresolimumab, supplied strictly for research use only. It is not the clinical drug and is not intended for human or veterinary use. Fresolimumab is a human IgG4 (S228P-stabilized) antibody originally developed to neutralize transforming growth factor beta, and this research-grade analog is built around the same TGF-beta 1 target (UniProt P01137) to reproduce that binding and neutralizing behavior in the laboratory. Because it is offered as a bulk, low-endotoxin reagent (research grade under 1 EU/mg, with ultra-low-endotoxin under 0.5 EU/mg options), it is well suited to work requiring larger antibody quantities and reproducible lots: positive and isotype-matched controls, ligand-neutralization assays, receptor-blockade studies, ADCC/ADC development workflows, and preclinical in-vitro and in-vivo model systems. The S228P hinge mutation reduces IgG4 half-antibody exchange for lot stability. It supplies a consistent, well-defined tool for interrogating TGF-beta 1 signaling without the constraints or cost of clinical-grade material.
TGF-beta 1, encoded by TGFB1, is a secreted multifunctional cytokine and the prototypical member of the transforming growth factor beta superfamily. It is produced as a latent complex: the mature growth factor remains non-covalently associated with its latency-associated peptide until activated by integrins, proteases, or mechanical force. Active TGF-beta 1 signals through the type II and type I (ALK5) serine/threonine kinase receptors, driving SMAD2/3 phosphorylation and transcriptional programs, alongside non-canonical pathways. It is a master regulator of cell proliferation, differentiation, extracellular matrix deposition, epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition, and immune tolerance, including regulatory T-cell induction and suppression of effector lymphocytes. Dysregulated TGF-beta 1 signaling contributes to tissue fibrosis, tumor immune evasion, and metastasis, making it a prominent target in oncology and fibrotic disease research.